x-ray spectra and x-ray images,” Fujioka told. “Astronomers use computer simulation codes to interpret their observational data, e.g. The X-ray spectra of Cygnus X-3 was previously observed by an X-ray spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray satellite. In the model of Cygnus X-3, which consists of a black hole and a companion star, the gravitational energy of the star’s accreting material is converted into thermal energy, which is the origin of the radiation emitted by the accretion disk. They identified two characteristic spectral peaks that closely resemble the spectral peaks observed in the binary systems Cygnus X-3 and Vela X-1. In the laboratory-generated plasma, the researchers detected the emitted X-rays and measured their spectra. With other adjustments to the set-up, the researchers could produce a slowly expanding, cool plasma, much like the astronomical plasma observed near black holes. When the shell’s core imploded, its temperature approached 1 keV (kiloelectronvolt), creating a hot plasma. They aimed 12 intense laser beams (for a total of 3 billion watts, and carrying 4.0 kJ of energy) onto a micrometer-sized spherical hollow plastic shell. In their study, the researchers used a direct laser-driven implosion to create a hot, dense plasma. The team of researchers, Shinsuke Fujioka, et al., from Osaka University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, have published their study on creating Planckian X-rays in the laboratory in a recent issue of Nature Physics. The new results contrast with the generally accepted explanation for the origins of these astronomical features, and may also help scientists test the complex computer codes used in X-ray astronomy. But now, scientists have developed a laser-driven method to generate a flash of brilliant Planckian X-rays in the lab that can be used to simulate the X-rays that exist near black holes. Currently, the main method to observe a black hole is to use an X-ray satellite to detect the X-ray fluorescence emitted by a black hole’s companion star as the star’s material falls into the black hole. () - Due to their violent nature and long distance from Earth, black holes and their surroundings are very difficult to study. Image credit: Hubble European Space Agency. (Right) In the photoionized plasma experiment, a hollow plastic shell is imploded with 12 laser beams, creating a plasma that produces X-rays similar to those near a black hole. (Left) In a binary system consisting of a black hole and a companion star, X-rays are emitted from the accretion disk. Illustrations of photoionizing plasma systems.
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